en تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:102%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-MY" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:102%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is one of the most devastating bacterial diseases affecting shrimp aquaculture, causing severe economic losses worldwide. Traditionally, shrimp have been considered incapable of developing adaptive immune responses because they lack the classical antibody-mediated immune system found in vertebrates. However, accumulating evidence suggests that shrimp and other invertebrates possess forms of immune priming and specific innate immunity that can provide enhanced protection against repeated pathogen exposure. These findings have renewed interest in the development of vaccine-like strategies for disease prevention in shrimp farming. The increasing global restrictions on antibiotic use in aquaculture have further accelerated research into immunostimulants, oral vaccines, recombinant antigens, nucleic acid-based approaches, and other innovative prophylactic strategies against bacterial pathogens, including the causative agents of AHPND. Nevertheless, significant biological and technical challenges remain, including the limited understanding of immune memory mechanisms, antigen delivery systems, immune response durability, and large-scale field application. This review summarizes current knowledge of shrimp immune mechanisms relevant to AHPND prevention, critically evaluates existing vaccine development strategies and experimental evidence, discusses the role of immune-related molecules such as Dscam and innate immune priming, and highlights the major challenges and future opportunities for developing effective and commercially viable vaccination approaches for sustainable shrimp aquaculture.</span></span></span></span></span></span> Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), Shrimp immunity, Innate immune memory, Immune priming, Dscam, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Shrimp vaccine, Sustainable aquaculture 109 125 http://injbir.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-50-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 M. Gozari m_gozari@yahoo.com 1003194753284600689 1003194753284600689 Yes Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center M. Sheikh Asadi m_sheikhasadi@yahoo.com 1003194753284600690 1003194753284600690 No Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center M. Gozari gozari.majid@student.usm.my 1003194753284600691 1003194753284600691 No School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia A. Zaheri zaheri78a@yahoo.com 1003194753284600692 1003194753284600692 No S. Pourmozaffar sajjad5550@gmail.com 1003194753284600693 1003194753284600693 No Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center S. Tamadoni Jahromi stamadoni@gmail.com 1003194753284600694 1003194753284600694 No Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center R. Azm royaazm04@gmail.com 1003194753284600695 1003194753284600695 No Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran. S. Behzady s_behzady@yahoo.com 1003194753284600696 1003194753284600696 No Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center