fa تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:120%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="TR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:120%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Copper sulfate is commonly used in marine life support systems (aquaria) for treatment of ectoparasites in fishes.&nbsp; Marine invertebrates are known to be sensitive to copper but the number of quantitative studies defining copper toxicity in specific taxa are limited.&nbsp; In this controlled study utilizing a common species of echinoderm, the purple sea urchin (<i>Arbacia punctulata</i>), we determined that there is dose-related mortality in purple sea urchins when exposed to therapeutic levels of copper sulfate (0.10-0.20 mg/L) in the water and that sea urchins, and possibly all echinoderms, should not be exposed to any level of copper sulfate immersion.</span></span></span><span lang="TR" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; Copper sulfate, toxicity, echinoderm, Arbacia punctulata, sea urchin 155 159 http://injbir.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-33&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 A. Hoskins 1003194753284600474 1003194753284600474 No Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Raleigh, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, 27607, USA S. Gore Pulver 1003194753284600475 1003194753284600475 No Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Raleigh, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, 27607, USA K. Britt 1003194753284600476 1003194753284600476 No Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Raleigh, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, 27607, USA L.S. Christian 1003194753284600477 1003194753284600477 Yes Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Raleigh, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, 27607, USA J.M. Law 1003194753284600478 1003194753284600478 No Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Raleigh, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, 27607, USA G.A. Lewbart 1003194753284600479 1003194753284600479 No Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Raleigh, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, 27607, USA